干根莖含總皂甙元3.86%,從中得薯蕷皂甙元2.12%。尚有替告皂甙元、多種皂甙和β-谷甾醇葡萄糖甙。
根莖和根含3-(4-羥基苯基)-(E)-2-丙烯酸甲酯[methyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2(E)-propenoate],姜黃素(curcumin),鄰苯二甲酸雙(2-乙基已醇)酯[bis(2-ethylhexylphthalate],5α-9(11)-豆甾烯-3β-醇[5α-stigmast-9(11)-en-3β-ol],13-甲基-十五(烷)酸十四醇酯(tetradecyl-13-methylpentadecanoate),11-甲基十三(烷)酸十四醇酯(tetradecyl-11-methyltridecanoate),14-氧代二十七(烷)酸(14-oxoheptacosanoic acid),14-氧代二十三(烷)酸(14-oxotricosanoic acid),15-氧代二十八(烷)酸(15-oxooctacosanoic acid),三十(烷)酸(triacontanoic acid),三十(烷)醇(triacontanol),31-去甲環(huán)木菠蘿烷酮(31-norcycloartanone),環(huán)木菠 蘿灶醇(cycloartanol),環(huán)木菠蘿醇(cycloartenol),環(huán)鴉片甾烯醇(cyclolaudenol),三十三(烷)酸甲酯(methyltritriacontanate),8-羥基古二烷-25-酮(8-hydroxytriacontan-25-one)三十(烷)酸甲酯(methyl triacontanoate),24-羥基三十一烷-27-酮(24-hydroxyhentriacontan-27-one),24-羥基三十烷-26-酮(24-hydroxytriacontan-26-one),谷甾醇(sitosterol),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol),膽甾醇(cholesterol),菜油甾醇(campesterol),豆甾醇(stigmasterol),羊毛甾醇(lanosterol),薯蕷皂甙元(diosgenin),替告皂甙元(tigogenin),甲基原薯蕷皂甙(methylprotodioscin),薯蕷皂甙的前皂甙元A(prosapogenin A of dioscin),薯蕷皂甙的前皂甙元B(prosapogenin B of dioscin),薯蕷皂甙(dioscin),纖細(xì)薯蕷皂甙(gracillin),葡萄糖(glucose),鼠李糖(rhamnose)及多種生物堿。
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