地黃的化學成分以甙類為主,其中又以環(huán)烯醚萜甙類為主。從鮮地黃分得的環(huán)烯醚萜甙有:益母草甙(leonuride),桃葉珊瑚甙(aucubin),梓醇(catalpol),地共同甙(rehmannioside)A、B、C、D,美利妥雙甙(melittoside),都桷子甙(melittoside),都桷子甙(geniposide),8-表馬錢子甙酸(8-epiloganic acid),艋骨草酸(ajugoside),6-O-E-阿魏?;罟遣荽迹?-O-E-feruloyl ajugol),6-O-Z-阿魏?;罟遣荽迹?-O-Z-feruloy6l ajugol),6-O-香草?;罟遣荽迹?-O-vanilloyl ajugol),6-O-對香?;罟遣荽迹?-O-p-coumaroyl ajugol),6-O-(4″-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李為良藥甙)香草?;罟遣荽糩6-O-(4″-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)vanilloyl ajugol],焦地黃甙(jioglutoside)A、B等;以梓醇的含量最高。又含糖類:D-葡萄糖(D-glucose),D-半乳糖(D-gluctose),D-果糖(D-fructose),蔗糖(sucrose),棉子糖(raffinose),水蘇糖(stachyose),甘露三糖(amn-ninoTCMLIBiose),毛蕊花糖(verbascose),以水蘇糖的含量最高,達64.9%。還含賴氨酸(lysine),組氨酸(histidine),精氨酸(argi-nine),天冬氨酸(sapartic acid),谷氨酸(glutamic acid),蘇氨酸(threonine),緣氨酸(serine),甘氨酸(gluycine),丙氨酸(alanine),纈氨酸(valine),異亮氨酸(isoleucine),亮氨酸(leucine)酪氨酸(tyrosine),苯丙氨酸(phenylalnine),γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobotyric acid)等氨基酸以及葡萄糖胺(glucosamine),D-甙露醇(D-manni-tol),磷酸(phosphoric acid),β-谷甾醇(β-siterol),胡蘿卜甙(daucosterol),1-乙基-β-D-galacetoside),腺甙(adenoside)及無機元素等。