干地黃中含多種甙類,其中主含環(huán)烯酰萜及其甙類,已分離得到:益母草甙(leonuride)即是筋骨草醇(ajugol),桃葉珊瑚甙(aucubin),梓醇(cotalpol),地黃甙(rehmannioside)A、B、C、D,美利妥雙甙(melittoside)[1],地黃素(rehmaglu tin)A、B、C、D,洋丁香酚甙(acteoside)[2],異洋丁香酚甙(isoacteoside)[3],美利妥單甙(monometittoside),地黃氯化臭蟻醛甙(glutinoside)[4],都桷子甙(geniposide),筋骨草甙(ajugo-side),6-O-E-阿魏酰筋骨草醇(6-O-E-feruloyl ajugol),焦地黃素(jioglutin)D、E,焦地黃內酯(jioglutolide)[5],6,8-二羥基草蓯蓉內酯(6,8-dihydroxyboschuialactone),梓醇甙元(cataepolgcnin),梓醇甙元-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖甙(catalpolgenin-α-L-arabinofura-noside)即焦地黃甙(jioglutoside)A,格拉多甙(ggrardoside),米歐波羅甙元(mioporosidegenin)[6]等。還含紫羅蘭酮甙:地黃紫羅蘭甙(rehmaionoside)A、B、C[7];單萜甙:地黃苦甙(rehmapicro-side)[7];苯乙醇糖甙:洋地黃葉甙(purpureaside)C,焦地黃苯乙醇甙(jionoside)A1、B1;苯丙醇糖甙:海膽甙(echinacoside),肉蓯蓉甙(cistanoside)A、F。另含一種番杏,也含有腦甙脂B1-b(cerebroxide B1-b)[2],其結構為1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-2-N-2′-羥棕櫚?;?4反,8-順-鞘氨二烯醇(1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2-N-2′-hydroxypalmitoyl sphinga-4-trans,8-cis-dienine)[8]。又含糖類,基組分和鮮地黃中的相同,但水蘇糖(stachyose)的含量已降至32.1%而單糖的含量顯著增高[9];所含氨基酸的含量約較鮮地黃的低[10]。又含葡萄糖胺(glucosamine),磷酸(phosphoric acid)[10]。又含葡萄糖胺(glucosamine),磷酸(phosphoric acid)[10]以及錳、鐵、銅、鎂、鋁、硼、鍶、鋅等十余種無機元素[11]。又從石油醚提取物中分離得到19種有機酸:苯甲酸(benzoic acid),辛酸(caprylic acid),苯乙酸(phenyl acetic acid),壬酸(pelargonic acid),癸酸(capric acid),桂皮酸(cinnamic acid),3-甲氧基-4-羥基苯甲酸(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid),月桂酸(lauric acid),肉豆蔻酸(myristic acid),十五碳酸(pentadecanoic acid),棕櫚油酸(palmitoleic acid),櫚酸(palmitica acid),十七碳酸(margaric acid),亞油酸(linoleic acid),硬脂酸(stearic acid),十九碳酸(nonadecanoic acid),花生酸(arachidic acid),二十一碳酸(heneicosanoic acid),花生酸(arachidic acid),二十一碳酸(heneicosanoic acid),山崳酸(behenic acid),其中亞油酸的含量最高,大于40%,其次為棕櫚酸27%[12]。另含琥珀酸(succinic acid),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol),胡蘿卜甙(darcosterol)[13],5-羥甲基糠醛(5-hydroxymethylfurfural)[14],1-(4-甲基-2-呋喃基)-2(-5-甲基-5-乙烯-2-四氫呋喃基)-1丙酮[1-丙酮(4-methyl-2-furanyl)-2-(5-methyl-5-ethenyl-2-tetrahydrofuranyl)-propan-1-one][15],4-(1β,2α,5α-三羥基-2β,6,6-三甲基環(huán)已基)-3-丁烯-2-酮[4-(1β,2α,5α-trihydroxy-2β,6,6,-trimethylcyclohexanyl)-3-buten-2-one],5-(1β,2α-二羥基-2β-甲基-2-O-β-D-吡喃異鼠李糖甙-6β-羥甲基)環(huán)已基-3-甲基-2,4-戊二烯酸[5-(1β,2α-dihydroxy-2β-methyl-2-O-β-quinovopyranosyl-6β-hydroxymethyl)cyclohexanyl-2-methyl-2,4pentadienoic acid)[16]等成分以及腺甙(adenosine)[17],微量元素[18]等。