2017年醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語考試找準(zhǔn)六點翻譯長難句
1. 找準(zhǔn)謂語動詞
如果找到了謂語動詞,就說明有句子存在。那么,如何尋找謂語動詞呢?記住:有時態(tài)的動詞就一定是謂語,但是要弄清非謂語動詞和謂語動詞的區(qū)別。接著,順著謂語動詞往前找,如果有引導(dǎo)詞存在的話,說明這個謂語動詞所在的句子就是個從句,再根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞前的單詞判定這是個什么從句:
1) 如果引導(dǎo)詞前面是個名詞,則要根據(jù)情況來判斷是定語從句還是同位語從句;
2) 如果引導(dǎo)詞前面是實義動詞,說明這個從句是賓語從句;
3) 如果引導(dǎo)詞前面是系動詞,說明這個從句是表語從句;
4) 如果謂語動詞前面是狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,說明這個從句是狀語從句;
如果順著謂語動詞往前找,卻沒有引導(dǎo)詞,說明這是主句的謂語動詞,那么它的前面就是主語,后面就應(yīng)該是賓語或表語了。
例題:This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in,a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a lossinl989.
2. 找準(zhǔn)并列連詞
常見的并列連詞有:and,but,yet,or,so,for,not only…but also…,neither…nor,to get her with 等等。有這些單詞的句子里一般就有并列結(jié)構(gòu)存在,并且很可能存在著省略現(xiàn)象,因此注意要推斷出省略的成分。
例題:They are the possessions of the autonomous(self-governing) man of traditional theory,and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.
3. 找準(zhǔn)引導(dǎo)詞
從句就是”引導(dǎo)詞+句子”,所以,找到引導(dǎo)詞就找到了從句,再根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞前的單詞確定其是什么從句。
名詞性從句的連接詞:that,what(ever),who(ever),where,when,why,how,whether. . . or not 等。
定語從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞:that,which,who,whom,whose,as,when,where,why 等。
狀語從句的關(guān)系連接詞:when,while,as,though,although,where,even if 等。
例題:Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which,in its strongest form,states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.
4. 找準(zhǔn)名詞
一般的長句子中,名詞一般作主語或賓語,其后一般都有修飾限定成分,即定語或同位語。
例題:Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we call expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.
5. 確認(rèn)非謂語和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
-個句子的主句最重要的特征就是有完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu),尤其是要有獨立的謂語部分。do/does 和is/am/ are 的各種時態(tài)變化都可以作謂語,但是單純的to do/doing/done 和to be/being 的形式是不可以作謂語的。一個看似句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。如果沒有獨立的謂語部分,那它就不是一個句子,而是分詞短語或者獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
經(jīng)典例句:With as many as 120 varieties in existence,discovering how cancer works is not easy。
6. 確認(rèn)各種復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)
英語復(fù)合句中存在很多的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu),如倒裝、強(qiáng)調(diào)、省略、插人等等。首先要了解認(rèn)識這些結(jié)構(gòu)的特點, 其次要會確認(rèn)和應(yīng)對。比如說插人結(jié)構(gòu),讀句子時,先不要理會插入語,先把主句的意思看完。然后再看插入部分。
經(jīng)典例句:Today,stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn,among other things,that you might-surprise! -fall off.