但凡考試，都有一個(gè)準(zhǔn)繩，這個(gè)準(zhǔn)繩就是大綱。吃透大綱，才能保證方向正確，不走彎路。今天，醫(yī)學(xué)教育網(wǎng)小編給新加入考博陣營(yíng)的戰(zhàn)友們科普一下全國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)博士英語(yǔ)統(tǒng)考的大綱，幫助大家快速了解考試時(shí)間、試卷結(jié)構(gòu)、題型設(shè)置、試卷難度等基本情況。

一、考試目的

為了配合我國(guó)實(shí)施醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)學(xué)位制定改革，保證醫(yī)學(xué)博士生學(xué)位授予質(zhì)量，特舉行全國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)博士英語(yǔ)統(tǒng)一考試?？荚嚹康脑谟诳茖W(xué)、公正地測(cè)試考生掌握和運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的實(shí)際能力是否達(dá)到申請(qǐng)臨床醫(yī)學(xué)、口腔醫(yī)學(xué)博士專業(yè)學(xué)位或攻讀醫(yī)學(xué)博士學(xué)位的英語(yǔ)水平。

二、考試設(shè)計(jì)

本考試主要是用于醫(yī)學(xué)博士生入學(xué)和申請(qǐng)醫(yī)學(xué)博士專業(yè)學(xué)位的一種英語(yǔ)水平考試，其命題不以任何一種醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)教材為命題依據(jù)。

考試內(nèi)容為醫(yī)學(xué)公共英語(yǔ)，注重突出臨床醫(yī)學(xué)特點(diǎn)。

本考試從聽力、詞語(yǔ)用法、綜合理解、閱讀和書面表達(dá)五個(gè)方面命題，全面測(cè)試考生的英語(yǔ)能力，并突出對(duì)考生的英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用和交際能力測(cè)試，以確定其是否已達(dá)到在職申請(qǐng)醫(yī)學(xué)博士專業(yè)學(xué)位的英語(yǔ)水平或是否已達(dá)到醫(yī)學(xué)博士研究生入學(xué)英語(yǔ)水平。

三、試卷結(jié)構(gòu)

試卷分為兩大部分：試卷一（Paper One）和試卷二（Paper Two）。

試卷一包括聽力（30%），詞語(yǔ)用法（10%），完型填空（10%）和閱讀理解（30%），答卷時(shí)間115分鐘；試卷二包括書面表達(dá)（20%），答卷時(shí)間 50 分鐘，整個(gè)試卷共五大部分，總分 100 分，答卷時(shí)間共 165 分鐘，加上考場(chǎng)指令與試卷收發(fā)時(shí)問(wèn)，總共考試時(shí)間 180 分鐘。

試卷一（Paper One）

I. 聽力理解 （Listening Comprehension）

聽力分兩部分 Section A 和 Section B。答題時(shí)間為 30 分鐘。

Section A：簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話（Short Conversations）

簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話旨在測(cè)試考生的英語(yǔ)聽力能力，要求考生在聽完每個(gè)對(duì)話之后，根據(jù)所聽內(nèi)容于 12 秒鐘內(nèi)對(duì)每個(gè)問(wèn)題后的四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)做出正確選擇，每個(gè)對(duì)話及提問(wèn)只讀一遍。

本部分共 15 小題，編號(hào)為 1-15，每題 1 分，共計(jì) 15 分。例：

聽力錄音：

M: The immunizations are being given at the end of the hall.

W: But I just came from that direction, and I didn't see any nurses. I didn't see any nurses downstairs either.

Q: What is the woman's problem?

聽力試題：

A. She is on the wrong floor.

B. She does not know any nurse.

C. She cannot find the immunization area.

D. She received an immunization too late.

（答案：C）

Section B： 長(zhǎng)對(duì)話及短文（Long Conversations and Talks）

本部分由一篇長(zhǎng)對(duì)話和兩篇短文組成，旨在測(cè)試考生對(duì)英語(yǔ)篇章的聽力理解能力。要求考生能理解所聽材料的中心思想和主要內(nèi)容，并能根據(jù)所聽到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行邏輯推理、分析概括和歸納總結(jié)。

每篇材料后附有 5 個(gè)問(wèn)題，每個(gè)問(wèn)題后均有四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)。要求考生在聽完每個(gè)問(wèn)題后，于 12 秒鐘內(nèi)從中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。每篇材料及提問(wèn)只讀一遍。

該部分共 15 小題，編號(hào)為 16-30，每題 1 分，共計(jì) 15 分。例：

長(zhǎng)對(duì)話聽力錄音

W: We have been going round the country interviewing people about their jobs, Mr. Wills, and we would like to know something about your work as a dentist. May we ask you some questions about your practice here in Little Smattering?

M: Of course you may. But you mustn't take too long as I have another patient arriving in about ten minutes.

W: I'll be as quick as I can. What made you decide to become a dentist?

M: Oh, I don't think there was ever any doubt about it. My father was a dentist in this little town all his life, and it was always taken for granted that I would take over his practice when he retired.

W: How long did you have to study before you qualified?

M: Five years. l was exempt from the preliminary year of the course, as I had passed physics, chemistry and biology at advanced level at school. So when I was nineteen I went to a dental school, which was attached to one of the larger London hospitals. The first two years of my course were spent studying anatomy, physiology and dental mechanics. During that time I was also taught how to make false teeth and all the other various appliances that are used in modem dentistry. The second part of the course, the last two years, was devoted to clinical practice in the hospital, and practical treatment of patients.

W: Were you allowed to practice on patients before you qualified?

M: Yes, but only after I had really learned what to do. Students spend many hours with a “phantom head"1473 that is a head made of plastic, which has teeth that can be extracted or filled. They practice for a long time with this before they are finally allowed to treat a real live patient.

W: When did you set up in practice here?

M: As soon as I had been admitted to the Dentists' Register, which happened shortly after I had passed my final examination.

Questions:

16. What is the woman's occupation?

17. Why did Mr. Wills decide to become a dentist?

18. When did Mr. Wills go to the dental school?

19. What courses did Mr. Wills have to learn in the dental school?

20. How long should students practice before they are finally allowed to treat a real live patient?

聽力試卷

16. A. Journalist.

B. Dentist.

C. Headhunter.

D. Social worker.

17. A. Because he had always wanted to be a dentist.

B. Because he was interested in medicine.

C. Because he would follow his father's footsteps.

D. Because he took over his father's practice in Little Smattering.

18. A. Five years ago.

B. When he was nineteen.

C. After he passed a dental test.

D. After he passed a biology test at advanced level.

19. A. Physics, chemistry and biology.

B. Clinical practice in the hospital.

C. Making false teeth and other various appliances.

D. Anatomy, physiology and dental mechanics.

20. A. Few hours.

B. A long time.

C. Two years

D. Five years.

（答案: 16. A 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. B）

短文錄音：

To quickly review the main points covered in Chapter Seven, the most important part of the system of nerve is the brain. The brain controls most of the body's activities. Messages between the brain and the spinal cord are carried by nerves, which are made up of special cells called nerve cells. Nerve cells are found in the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves and the organs we use to see, hear, smell, taste and touch.

Nerve cells have long string-like fibers that carry messages. These fibers have branched ends to send and receive messages. Remember that nerve cells are so small that they cannot be seen without a microscope. But one fiber from a nerve cell may stretch as long as three feet.

There are many kinds of nerve cells, and this chapter deals mainly with three kinds. The sensory nerve cells carry messages of heat, light, sound and pressure from the skin, muscles and organs inside the body. Motor nerve cells carry messages to the muscles, and this causes the muscle to move. Connecting nerve cells go between the sensory nerve cells and motor nerve cells. After the messages go from the spinal cord to the brain, the brain sends messages through the motor nerve cells to the muscles. All these different nerve cells help us see, hear, taste, smell and feel.

Now if you have no further questions about Chapter Seven, we'll go on to talk about the chemical processes involved in this transfer of messages.

Questions 21-25 are based on the following questions:

21. What is the source of the speaker's information?

22. What role do nerve fibers play?

23. What does a nerve fiber look like according to the speaker?

24. How many kinds of nerve cells are discussed in this talk?

25. Which of the following nerve cells sends messages to the muscles?

聽力試卷：

21. A. A medical textbook.

B. A medical journal.

C. Some microscope slides.

D. The speaker's current research.

22. A. Reproducing themselves.

B. Stretching and growing.

C. Attaching themselves to muscles.

D. Carrying messages.

23. A. Elongated and stringy.

B. Round and compact.

C. Flat and transparent.

D. Flexible and chainlike.

24. A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.

25. A. Sensory nerve cells.

B. Motor nerve cells.

C. Connecting nerve cells.

D. All of the above.

（答案：21. A 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B）

II. 詞語(yǔ)用法 （Vocabulary）

詞語(yǔ)用法旨在測(cè)試考生對(duì)英語(yǔ)詞匯和短語(yǔ)的理解和使用能力，分兩部分：Section A 和 Section B。

Section A： 填空 （Fill in the blank）

該部分試題的題干為一個(gè)或兩個(gè)句子，句中留有一處空白，題干后附四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)，要求考生從中選出一個(gè)最佳答案，填入題干后使該句子語(yǔ)法正確，邏輯合理，意思完整。

該部分共 10 小題，編號(hào)為 31-40，每題 0.5 分，共計(jì) 5 分。例：

31. The "City of Hope" in California is dedicated to relieving pain and prolonging life with ______.

A. expectancy

B. longevity

C. dignity

D. identity

（答案：31. C）

Section B：多選題 （Multiple choice）

該試題的題干為一個(gè)或兩個(gè)句子，句中有一詞或短語(yǔ)下面劃有橫線，題干后附四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)，要求考生從中選出一個(gè)和詞中劃線部分的意義相同或近似的最佳答案。本題測(cè)試的詞語(yǔ)，不超出考試大綱所附詞匯表的內(nèi)容范圍。

該部分共 10 小題，編號(hào)為 41-50，每題 0.5 分，共計(jì) 5 分。例：

41. You cannot burden your memory with too much information.

A. retain B. load C. retrieve D. associate

（答案：41. B）

III. 完型填空（Cloze）

本部分共 10 小題，計(jì) 10 分?？荚嚂r(shí)間 10 分鐘。

此題著重測(cè)試考生在篇章水平上理解和運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的綜合能力。要求考生閱讀一篇約 200 詞的英語(yǔ)短文，其中留有 10 處空白。每一空白附有四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)，考生在理解全文大意和上下文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，從四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案，使短文在語(yǔ)法、用詞、句型結(jié)構(gòu)和上下文邏輯關(guān)系等方面都能完善。

該部分 10 個(gè)小題的編號(hào)為 51-60。例：

In June a Senate committee released its report on euthanasia and assisted suicide. A majority of its members recommended against legalizing the two procedures. As the public debate in this country intensifies, it is instructive to look at the Netherlands, where euthanasia, while not 51 , has been increasingly tolerated by the courts in recent years.

In the intensive-care unit of a Dutch hospital, a man lay with chronic leukemia 52 with pneumonia. His hands and feet were bound, and he was being respired with a tube in his throat. A young assistant physician appeared at his bedside and said, “I assume that if your heart fails, you don't want to be resuscitated."

Unable to talk, the man shook his head vehemently from left to right, the only movement he could make to 53 that indeed he did want to be resuscitated. Despite the seriousness of his illness, he knew he could still live for years. But the physician, misinterpreting his 54 , said, “That's assumed, then," made a note on the patient's chart and moved on.

The sick man was in a panic. Fortunately, 55 gestures, he managed to tell his son, who was able to prevent a tragic mistake.

This is an example of how increasingly casually doctors in the Netherlands are 56 the ending of life by withdrawing medical treatment—a procedure known 57 passive euthanasia. It is only one of many. Tom Schalken, professor of criminal law at the Free University of Amsterdam, was a member of a commission that 58 euthanasia in 1990. 0f an annual total of 130, 000 deaths, in 2,300 cases, physicians reported that euthanasia had been carried out at the 59 of the patient. But the commission 60 that in more than 1, 000 instances, physicians had ended a life without an explicit request for example, with patients in coma or newborn babies.

51. A. being legalized

B. legalizing

C. legalized

D. legalizes

52. A. connected

B. included

C. related

D. combined

53. A. indicate

B. notice

C. notify

D. appear

54. A. symptom

B. gesture

C. symbol

D. sign

55. A. by reason of

B. in place of

C. in the course of

D. by means of

56. A. dealing with

B. getting with

C. solving

D. coming over

57. A. for B. as C. of D. after

58. A. came into

B. looked into

C. went into

D. grew into

59. A. request

B. command

C. demand

D. recommend

60. A. ascertained

B. is ascertained

C. has ascertained

D. was ascertained

（答案：51. C 52. D 53. A 54. B 55. D 56. A 57. B 58. B 59. A 60. A）

IV. 閱讀理解（Reading Comprehension）

本部分共 30 小題，計(jì) 30 分?？荚嚂r(shí)間 65 分鐘。

該部分由 6 篇閱讀短文組成。每篇短文約 300 個(gè)單詞，后附 5 個(gè)問(wèn)題，每個(gè)問(wèn)題后均有四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)。

此類題目是測(cè)試考生通過(guò)閱讀英文書刊獲取信息的能力（包括閱讀速度和理解程度）。要求考生在讀完一篇文字材料后，能理解其主題思想、主要內(nèi)容和主要細(xì)節(jié)。能根據(jù)所讀材料的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推理判斷，理解某些詞和短語(yǔ)在具體語(yǔ)境中的意義，理解句與句之間的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系能領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的觀點(diǎn)和思想感情，判斷其對(duì)事物的態(tài)度。測(cè)試材料主要是涉及醫(yī)學(xué)科普、自然科普和人文等各種題材和體裁的文章。要求考生根據(jù)所讀材料的內(nèi)容，從每道題的選擇項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。

該部分 30 個(gè)小題的編號(hào)為 61-90。例：

Passage one

It has almost become dogma that athletes require greater amounts of protein than sedentary individuals. In addition to eating more protein, athletes also need to be aware of the times of day at which they consume both different types and amounts of protein. The post-workout meal is one of the most important times and meals of the day regarding protein intake. Researchers have shown that eating a protein-rich meal at this time can greatly increase protein synthesis and possibly muscle growth.

In one study, subjects were given an intravenous protein supplement following either a period of exercise or rest. Protein synthesis was then measured in each subject to determine how the different types of activities affected protein synthesis. Results from the study concluded that protein synthesis was doubled in the subjects who had just performed a session of strength-training exercise. The researchers in this study concluded that this was more than likely due to the increase in blood flow to the subject's muscles following exercise.

Since the rate of protein synthesis and possibly muscle growth can double when protein is consumed post-workout it is imperative that a meal containing quality proteins be consumed at this time.

When determining protein types for a post-workout meal, whey protein makes an excellent choice. The reason for this is that whey protein contains the best amino acid profile of all protein types and is also absorbed at a very rapid rate by the body.

61. In order to meet the need of the body for protein, an athlete should ___________.

eat better than non-athletes

have different meal time from that of the average person

increase protein synthesis and muscle growth

have a special dietary plan

62. In the first paragraph the author points out that ________________.

a protein-rich meal is very important for athletes after some exercise

a good meal is necessary for athletes before working outside

the post-workout meal is usually rich in protein

researchers can increase protein synthesis by eating protein-rich meals

63. The purpose of the study as mentioned in the second paragraph is _________.

to double protein synthesis

to see how protein synthesis takes place

to establish the relationship between physical activities and protein synthesis

to measure the participants' blood flow to the muscles

64. According to the passage, which of the following is true?

Muscle grows faster after a post-workout meal.

Protein supplement should be given after exercise.

Physical activities will affect a man's rate of protein synthesis.

The body absorbs whey protein more quickly than other types of proteins.

65. What is the possible topic of the passage?

Athletes and Food.

Sports and Protein.

Protein Synthesis and Exercise.

Protein after Exercise.

（答案: 61. D 62. A 63. C 64. C 65. D）

試卷二（Paper Two）

V. 書面表達(dá)（Writing）

本部分計(jì) 20 分，考試時(shí)間 50 分鐘。此部分旨在測(cè)試考生使用英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá)自己思想的能力。測(cè)試設(shè)計(jì)以下兩種方式，每年任選其中一種。

1. 文章摘要

要求考生閱讀一篇 800-1000 字的漢語(yǔ)文章后，用英語(yǔ)寫出一篇約 200 個(gè)單詞的摘要。所概括的內(nèi)容應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)潔、全面、準(zhǔn)確，文字應(yīng)通順，基本符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣，無(wú)重大語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。

2. 翻譯與寫作

本部分包括段落翻譯與段落寫作。翻譯應(yīng)忠實(shí)原文。作文要求切題，意思連貫。無(wú)論是翻譯還是作文均要求文字通順，基本符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式。

以上就是我為大家整理的來(lái)自官方的全國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)博士英語(yǔ)統(tǒng)一考試大綱，還請(qǐng)大家多多關(guān)注醫(yī)學(xué)教育網(wǎng)，我們會(huì)隨時(shí)更新更多更好的有關(guān)醫(yī)學(xué)考試、醫(yī)療招聘、輔導(dǎo)資料等相關(guān)內(nèi)容，敬請(qǐng)期待！